Pets Get Diabetes Insipidus, Too!

Pets such as cats and dogs may also have diabetes insipidus. For more information on diabetes insipidus in pets, there are several questions and responses in the  Frequently Asked Questions section. Below is information on Muffin, an 8 year old, spayed female, mixed terrier with DI.

Muffin demonstrated a progressive increase in water intake over several months and increased urine production. She had been eating and acting normally during her physical last year.  Her vaccinations were up to date and she was on heartworm preventative.  An allergy to ragweed last fall, which caused itching, responded to Prednisone over 3-4 weeks. Muffin was in good health except for a mild heart murmur and early developing cataracts.  Her weight and body condition were good.  A complete blood profile and urine analysis were recommended.

Muffin's laboratory findings of her blood count and enzyme profile showed no signs of infection, anemia, or organ failure - including the kidneys.  The urinalysis was normal except for a very low specific gravity (urine concentration). No evidence of infection or diabetes mellitus (often referred to as sugar diabetes). Due to the low specific gravity of the urine, Muffin was hospitalized for one day.  Water was withheld and her urine specific gravity, as well as hematocrit (to check for dehydration), were monitored.  By the end of the day, Muffin was becoming dehydrated, but her urine was still very dilute. Muffin was diagnosed with Neurogenic/Central Diabetes Insipidus.

Muffin was given fluids to correct her dehydration and sent home with antidiuretic hormone (DDAVP).  Within two days, Muffin's urine specific gravity climbed back into the normal range, and she was drinking a normal amount of water. Muffin now requires a daily dose of ADH for the rest of her life.  She continues to do well at home.

Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus is a form of diabetes in which a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not produced in sufficient quantities.  ADH works within the kidneys to allow the body to conserve water.  If ADH is not present, water is not retained and excessive urine production occurs, as does a subsequent increase in thirst. 

Thanks go to The Opossum Pike Veterinary Clinic, Frederick, Maryland  for permission to reprint.

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